According to the Economic Survey, India's railway capital expenditure has surged by 77% over the past five years. This increase underscores the government's dedication to enhancing the rail infrastructure and modernising the extensive railway network. The substantial investment aims to upgrade existing facilities, construct new tracks, and expand the network's capacity. Projects funded by this expenditure include high-speed rail corridors, dedicated freight lines, and advanced signalling systems, all designed to reduce congestion and improve travel times. The rise in spending reflects a strategic focus on boosting efficiency, safety, and passenger experience. The modernization efforts aim to facilitate smoother transport and support economic growth across various regions. Key projects have been initiated to improve connectivity and regional integration. By enhancing rail infrastructure, the government seeks to stimulate economic activity and promote sustainable development. The Economic Survey highlights the long-term vision for a more robust railway network, capable of meeting future transportation demands. The increased expenditure is expected to yield significant benefits, including improved service quality and operational efficiency. Overall, the surge in railway capital expenditure represents a proactive approach to addressing infrastructure challenges and preparing for future growth in India's rail sector. This investment is set to transform the railway system, providing a foundation for continued progress and development.