The eCourts project, launched under the National eGovernance Plan in 2007, is a Mission Mode Project aimed at modernisng the Indian judiciary through the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The initiative is grounded in the "National Policy and Action Plan for Implementation of ICT in the Indian Judiciary" and has been implemented in multiple phases.

Phase I (2011–2015) focused on the computerization of judicial infrastructure and ensuring connectivity across courts. During this phase, 14,249 district and subordinate courts were computerised, and Local Area Networks (LAN) were installed at 13,683 locations. Hardware and software installations were carried out in over 13,000 courts. Around 14,309 judicial officers received laptops, and change management initiatives were completed in all High Courts. Training was provided to more than 14,000 judicial officers in using the UBUNTU-Linux Operating System, and over 3,900 court staff were trained as System Administrators in the Case Information System (CIS). Video conferencing facilities were introduced between 493 court complexes and 347 jails.

Phase II (2015–2023) aimed at delivering citizen-centric services and enabling an end-to-end digital judicial ecosystem. A key component was the Wide Area Network (WAN) project, which provided high-speed connectivity (10–100 Mbps) to 99.5 per cent of court complexes across India using technologies like MPLS, OFC, RF, VSAT, and submarine cables. This infrastructure supports seamless data flow within the judiciary.

The National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG), developed under this project, offers real-time access to case data, with over 290.94 million orders and judgments available online. Live streaming of court proceedings has also been initiated in several High Courts, enhancing transparency. To date, district and subordinate courts have heard more than 20.57 million cases, marking significant progress in judicial digitisation and public access to justice.