The refined oil products include diesel and other fuels, which are in high demand in the EU, where energy security has become a priority amidst ongoing geopolitical tensions. India, with its robust refining infrastructure, has benefited from processing and exporting Russian oil at a higher profit margin. This indirect trade has sparked debate, as it allows Russian crude to reach Western markets while technically adhering to sanctions.

The surge in India's fuel exports to the EU underscores the shifting dynamics in global oil markets. As the EU seeks alternatives to Russian energy supplies, India’s refining prowess has positioned it as a key player in meeting European demand while navigating the complexities of international sanctions.